The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of raven Corvus corax scavenging on the kill rates of wolf Canis lupus packs
Open accessAbstract
During late winter 1991 and 1992, we investigated the influence of raven Corvus corax scavenging on the predation rate by different-sized wolf Canis lupus packs on moose Alces alces in the Yukon Territory, Canada. To assess the magnitude of scavenging, we presented 10 ungulate carcasses, pre-warmed to simulate the flesh temperature of freshly-killed prey, to scavengers and measured their daily consumption. Ravens were by far the main scavengers and on average, we counted 18.5 ± 12.7 (SD) ravens and documented removal of 14.1 ± 1.3 (SE) kg biomass each day (N = 53 observation days). However, assuming a daily scavenging rate of 14 kg by ravens fails to explain the almost equally short handling times for moose carcasses of small, medium and large packs. Only when raven consumption rate varies with pack size can we match the observed pattern. Assuming complete consumption, daily raven scavenging has to be 43 kg for ravens feeding on the kills of small wolf packs, 21 kg for ravens feeding on the kills of medium packs and close to zero for ravens feeding on the kills of large packs. Thus raven-wolf competition is highest for small packs, where ravens manage to remove up to 75% of the edible biomass and very low for large packs where ravens hardly manage to remove any edible biomass. Large packs seem to leave less opportunity for ravens to feed on carcasses, possibly because some wolves are always present at the kill and either actively chase away ravens or inhibit access to the carcass.
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“In areas away from anthropogenic resources, raven populations often rely on food subsidies provided by large predators, particularly in winter, and ravens are ubiquitous scavengers at wolf kills throughout North America (Kaczensky, Hayes, & Promberger, 2005; Stahler et al., 2002; Vucetich, Peterson, & Waite, 2004).”
From Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves (2018) · cites this paper as Kaczensky et al., 2005
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“In areas where they overlap with wolves, however, ravens are numerous and ubiquitous scavengers of wolf‐acquired carrion.”
From Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves (2018) · cites this paper as Kaczensky et al., 2005
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Cites
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Effect of Snow Depth on Predation and Scavenging by Gray Wolves
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Prey Use Strategies of Sympatric Wolves and Coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
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Cited by
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Enemies with benefits: integrating positive and negative interactions among terrestrial carnivores
Prugh, L. R., & Sivy, K. J. (2020) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13489 · Cited by 283
Cassidy, K. A., MacNulty, D. R., Stahler, D. R., Smith, D. W., & Mech, L. D. (2015) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arv081 · Cited by 185
Habitat heterogeneity and mammalian predator–prey interactions
Gorini, L., Linnell, J. D. C., May, R. F., Panzacchi, M., Boitani, L., Odden, M., & Nilsen, E. B. (2011) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00189.x · Cited by 185
Inter‐specific interactions linking predation and scavenging in terrestrial vertebrate assemblages
Moleón, M., Sánchez‐Zapata, J. A., Selva, N., Donázar, J. A., & Owen‐Smith, N. (2014) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12097 · Cited by 177
Tracking the evolutionary origins of dog-human cooperation: the “Canine Cooperation Hypothesis”
Range, F., & Virányi, Z. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01582 · Cited by 131
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaczensky, P., Hayes, R. D., & Promberger, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kaczensky, Petra
- ORCID
- Kaczensky, Petra
- Venue
- Wildlife Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-108
- ISSN
- 0909-6396 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2178349151
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Wildlife Biology (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Keywords
- Corvus corax, wolf predation, wolf, moose, pack size, carrion consumption, predator competition, Yukon
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effect of raven Corvus corax scavenging on the kill rates of wolf Canis lupus packs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11%5B101:eorccs%5D2.0.co;2
- The paper
- Kaczensky, P., Hayes, R. D., & Promberger, C. (2005). Effect of raven Corvus corax scavenging on the kill rates of wolf Canis lupus packs. Wildlife Biology. https://doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11%5B101%3Aeorccs%5D2.0.co%3B2
